Introduction: Autism disorder is a multifactorial disease that at the moment there is no clear pathophysiology or cure of the disease. It is known that an elevation of the disease in the 60's was a rare disease, it is now estimated that there is 1 case out of every 90 people due to this ongoing discussion. epidemic of the autism spectrum.
Objectives:This work presents as main objective a literature review on autism. The specific objectives are: to define the main etiological factors of autism; define as main clinical states; as main therapeutic of the disease.Methods: By means of pubmed database search with the following descriptors: "autism", "etiologic autism", "therapy autism".
Results And Discussion: Autism disorder is a neuropsychological disorder. It mainly affects boys up to 3 years of age. Only 16 to 17% of all cases of autism have any genetic influence. There is research relating to changes linked to the sexual chromosome X and various changes in chromosomes autosomal such as chromosome 15, 7 and 13. It has been demonstrated that there is an abnormality in the brain volume, increase in the temporal lobe. One of the main changes that is being related to the pathophysiology of the disease involves alterations in the intestinal flora, being that the Clostridium class is the most predominant and is involved in the production of cytokines, oxides, related to the disease.Children often lack complete social development, difficulties in talking and playing, they also have restricted interest and repetitive behaviors. Many children end up not being able to develop speech, occurring mudism, echolalia, problems in the pronunciation of words.Autism disorder presents some comorbidities related to it, such as epilepsy, metabolic problems, sleep problems and gastrointestinal tract problems, which is related to the severity of the disease.10% of children end up developing quite a few skills, such as example children have fantastic memories and others who draw wonderfully well.The diagnosis is made through an interview with the parents. The treatment is performed through psycho-neuroeducational approaches with a professional team,through which they will stimulate speech, social involvement, cognition and motor function. In addition, depending on the case, drugs can be used, and neuroleptics are the first indication in cases of self-injury, repetitive movements and irritability
Conclusion: Autistic disorder is still a limbo in medical science, there is much knowledge that can be improved over time to thereby facilitate the approach and possible treatment of the disease
