The objective was to explore and contribute to the characterization of food production systems of the Guarani Kaiowá people and discuss implications for rural extension services and development projects. The study was conducted in the Panambizinho Indigenous Territory, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Eleven families from the indigenous community were visited over a one-year period. Particular characteristics, demands, and management of traditional production systems ( kokue ) are revealed. The discussion covers topics identified during the on-site visits , including specificities and pressures faced by indigenous communities in Brazil. The maintenance and exploration of agroecological systems appear favorable because they do not substantially interfere with the current way of life. Thus, agroecological systems are a path to sustainable production, food security, health, and quality of life in the community. The implications for extension services and development projects are discussed, while also contextualizing economic, political, and social challenges.
